banan-os/kernel/arch/x86_64/PageTable.cpp

643 lines
17 KiB
C++

#include <BAN/Errors.h>
#include <kernel/Arch.h>
#include <kernel/CPUID.h>
#include <kernel/LockGuard.h>
#include <kernel/Memory/kmalloc.h>
#include <kernel/Memory/PageTable.h>
#include <kernel/multiboot2.h>
extern uint8_t g_kernel_start[];
extern uint8_t g_kernel_end[];
extern uint8_t g_kernel_execute_start[];
extern uint8_t g_kernel_execute_end[];
extern uint8_t g_userspace_start[];
extern uint8_t g_userspace_end[];
namespace Kernel
{
static PageTable* s_kernel = nullptr;
static PageTable* s_current = nullptr;
static bool s_has_nxe = false;
static bool s_has_pge = false;
// PML4 entry for kernel memory
static paddr_t s_global_pml4e = 0;
static constexpr inline bool is_canonical(uintptr_t addr)
{
constexpr uintptr_t mask = 0xFFFF800000000000;
addr &= mask;
return addr == mask || addr == 0;
}
static constexpr inline uintptr_t uncanonicalize(uintptr_t addr)
{
if (addr & 0x0000800000000000)
return addr & ~0xFFFF000000000000;
return addr;
}
static constexpr inline uintptr_t canonicalize(uintptr_t addr)
{
if (addr & 0x0000800000000000)
return addr | 0xFFFF000000000000;
return addr;
}
static inline PageTable::flags_t parse_flags(uint64_t entry)
{
using Flags = PageTable::Flags;
PageTable::flags_t result = 0;
if (s_has_nxe && !(entry & (1ull << 63)))
result |= Flags::Execute;
if (entry & Flags::Reserved)
result |= Flags::Reserved;
if (entry & Flags::CacheDisable)
result |= Flags::CacheDisable;
if (entry & Flags::UserSupervisor)
result |= Flags::UserSupervisor;
if (entry & Flags::ReadWrite)
result |= Flags::ReadWrite;
if (entry & Flags::Present)
result |= Flags::Present;
return result;
}
void PageTable::initialize()
{
if (CPUID::has_nxe())
{
asm volatile(
"movl $0xC0000080, %ecx;"
"rdmsr;"
"orl $0x800, %eax;"
"wrmsr"
);
s_has_nxe = true;
}
uint32_t ecx, edx;
CPUID::get_features(ecx, edx);
if (edx & CPUID::EDX_PGE)
{
asm volatile(
"movq %cr4, %rax;"
"orq $0x80, %rax;"
"movq %rax, %cr4;"
);
s_has_pge = true;
}
ASSERT(s_kernel == nullptr);
s_kernel = new PageTable();
ASSERT(s_kernel);
s_kernel->initialize_kernel();
s_kernel->load();
}
PageTable& PageTable::kernel()
{
ASSERT(s_kernel);
return *s_kernel;
}
PageTable& PageTable::current()
{
ASSERT(s_current);
return *s_current;
}
bool PageTable::is_valid_pointer(uintptr_t pointer)
{
if (!is_canonical(pointer))
return false;
return true;
}
static uint64_t* allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page()
{
void* page = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, true);
ASSERT(page);
memset(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
return (uint64_t*)page;
}
void PageTable::initialize_kernel()
{
ASSERT(s_global_pml4e == 0);
s_global_pml4e = V2P(allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page());
m_highest_paging_struct = V2P(allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page());
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
pml4[511] = s_global_pml4e;
// Map (0 -> phys_kernel_end) to (KERNEL_OFFSET -> virt_kernel_end)
map_range_at(0, KERNEL_OFFSET, (uintptr_t)g_kernel_end - KERNEL_OFFSET, Flags::ReadWrite | Flags::Present);
// Map executable kernel memory as executable
map_range_at(
V2P(g_kernel_execute_start),
(vaddr_t)g_kernel_execute_start,
g_kernel_execute_end - g_kernel_execute_start,
Flags::Execute | Flags::Present
);
// Map userspace memory
map_range_at(
V2P(g_userspace_start),
(vaddr_t)g_userspace_start,
g_userspace_end - g_userspace_start,
Flags::Execute | Flags::UserSupervisor | Flags::Present
);
// Map multiboot memory
paddr_t multiboot2_data_start = (vaddr_t)g_multiboot2_info & PAGE_ADDR_MASK;
paddr_t multiboot2_data_end = (vaddr_t)g_multiboot2_info + g_multiboot2_info->total_size;
size_t multiboot2_needed_pages = BAN::Math::div_round_up<size_t>(multiboot2_data_end - multiboot2_data_start, PAGE_SIZE);
vaddr_t multiboot2_vaddr = reserve_free_contiguous_pages(multiboot2_needed_pages, KERNEL_OFFSET);
map_range_at(
multiboot2_data_start,
multiboot2_vaddr,
multiboot2_needed_pages * PAGE_SIZE,
Flags::ReadWrite | Flags::Present
);
g_multiboot2_info = (multiboot2_info_t*)(multiboot2_vaddr + ((vaddr_t)g_multiboot2_info % PAGE_SIZE));
}
BAN::ErrorOr<PageTable*> PageTable::create_userspace()
{
LockGuard _(s_kernel->m_lock);
PageTable* page_table = new PageTable;
if (page_table == nullptr)
return BAN::Error::from_errno(ENOMEM);
page_table->map_kernel_memory();
return page_table;
}
void PageTable::map_kernel_memory()
{
ASSERT(s_kernel);
ASSERT(s_global_pml4e);
ASSERT(m_highest_paging_struct == 0);
m_highest_paging_struct = V2P(allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page());
uint64_t* kernel_pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(s_kernel->m_highest_paging_struct);
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
pml4[511] = kernel_pml4[511];
}
PageTable::~PageTable()
{
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
// NOTE: we only loop until 511 since the last one is the kernel memory
for (uint64_t pml4e = 0; pml4e < 511; pml4e++)
{
if (!(pml4[pml4e] & Flags::Present))
continue;
uint64_t* pdpt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pml4[pml4e] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (uint64_t pdpte = 0; pdpte < 512; pdpte++)
{
if (!(pdpt[pdpte] & Flags::Present))
continue;
uint64_t* pd = (uint64_t*)P2V(pdpt[pdpte] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (uint64_t pde = 0; pde < 512; pde++)
{
if (!(pd[pde] & Flags::Present))
continue;
kfree((void*)P2V(pd[pde] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK));
}
kfree(pd);
}
kfree(pdpt);
}
kfree(pml4);
}
void PageTable::load()
{
asm volatile("movq %0, %%cr3" :: "r"(m_highest_paging_struct));
s_current = this;
}
void PageTable::invalidate(vaddr_t vaddr)
{
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
if (this == s_current)
asm volatile("invlpg (%0)" :: "r"(vaddr) : "memory");
}
void PageTable::unmap_page(vaddr_t vaddr)
{
if (vaddr && (vaddr >= KERNEL_OFFSET) != (this == s_kernel))
Kernel::panic("unmapping {8H}, kernel: {}", vaddr, this == s_kernel);
ASSERT(is_canonical(vaddr));
vaddr_t uc_vaddr = uncanonicalize(vaddr);
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
uint64_t pml4e = (uc_vaddr >> 39) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pdpte = (uc_vaddr >> 30) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pde = (uc_vaddr >> 21) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pte = (uc_vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FF;
LockGuard _(m_lock);
if (is_page_free(vaddr))
{
dwarnln("unmapping unmapped page {8H}", vaddr);
return;
}
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
uint64_t* pdpt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pml4[pml4e] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
uint64_t* pd = (uint64_t*)P2V(pdpt[pdpte] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
uint64_t* pt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pd[pde] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
pt[pte] = 0;
invalidate(vaddr);
}
void PageTable::unmap_range(vaddr_t vaddr, size_t size)
{
vaddr_t s_page = vaddr / PAGE_SIZE;
vaddr_t e_page = BAN::Math::div_round_up<vaddr_t>(vaddr + size, PAGE_SIZE);
LockGuard _(m_lock);
for (vaddr_t page = s_page; page < e_page; page++)
unmap_page(page * PAGE_SIZE);
}
void PageTable::map_page_at(paddr_t paddr, vaddr_t vaddr, flags_t flags)
{
if (vaddr && (vaddr >= KERNEL_OFFSET) != (this == s_kernel))
Kernel::panic("mapping {8H} to {8H}, kernel: {}", paddr, vaddr, this == s_kernel);
ASSERT(is_canonical(vaddr));
vaddr_t uc_vaddr = uncanonicalize(vaddr);
ASSERT(paddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
ASSERT(flags & Flags::Used);
uint64_t pml4e = (uc_vaddr >> 39) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pdpte = (uc_vaddr >> 30) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pde = (uc_vaddr >> 21) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pte = (uc_vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t extra_flags = 0;
if (s_has_pge && pml4e == 511) // Map kernel memory as global
extra_flags |= 1ull << 8;
if (s_has_nxe && !(flags & Flags::Execute))
extra_flags |= 1ull << 63;
if (flags & Flags::Reserved)
extra_flags |= Flags::Reserved;
if (flags & Flags::CacheDisable)
extra_flags |= Flags::CacheDisable;
// NOTE: we add present here, since it has to be available in higher level structures
flags_t uwr_flags = (flags & (Flags::UserSupervisor | Flags::ReadWrite)) | Flags::Present;
LockGuard _(m_lock);
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
if ((pml4[pml4e] & uwr_flags) != uwr_flags)
{
if (!(pml4[pml4e] & Flags::Present))
pml4[pml4e] = V2P(allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page());
pml4[pml4e] |= uwr_flags;
}
uint64_t* pdpt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pml4[pml4e] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
if ((pdpt[pdpte] & uwr_flags) != uwr_flags)
{
if (!(pdpt[pdpte] & Flags::Present))
pdpt[pdpte] = V2P(allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page());
pdpt[pdpte] |= uwr_flags;
}
uint64_t* pd = (uint64_t*)P2V(pdpt[pdpte] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
if ((pd[pde] & uwr_flags) != uwr_flags)
{
if (!(pd[pde] & Flags::Present))
pd[pde] = V2P(allocate_zeroed_page_aligned_page());
pd[pde] |= uwr_flags;
}
if (!(flags & Flags::Present))
uwr_flags &= ~Flags::Present;
uint64_t* pt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pd[pde] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
pt[pte] = paddr | uwr_flags | extra_flags;
invalidate(vaddr);
}
void PageTable::map_range_at(paddr_t paddr, vaddr_t vaddr, size_t size, flags_t flags)
{
ASSERT(is_canonical(vaddr));
ASSERT(paddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
size_t first_page = vaddr / PAGE_SIZE;
size_t last_page = (vaddr + size - 1) / PAGE_SIZE;
size_t page_count = last_page - first_page + 1;
LockGuard _(m_lock);
for (size_t page = 0; page < page_count; page++)
map_page_at(paddr + page * PAGE_SIZE, vaddr + page * PAGE_SIZE, flags);
}
uint64_t PageTable::get_page_data(vaddr_t vaddr) const
{
ASSERT(is_canonical(vaddr));
vaddr_t uc_vaddr = uncanonicalize(vaddr);
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
uint64_t pml4e = (uc_vaddr >> 39) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pdpte = (uc_vaddr >> 30) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pde = (uc_vaddr >> 21) & 0x1FF;
uint64_t pte = (uc_vaddr >> 12) & 0x1FF;
LockGuard _(m_lock);
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
if (!(pml4[pml4e] & Flags::Present))
return 0;
uint64_t* pdpt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pml4[pml4e] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
if (!(pdpt[pdpte] & Flags::Present))
return 0;
uint64_t* pd = (uint64_t*)P2V(pdpt[pdpte] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
if (!(pd[pde] & Flags::Present))
return 0;
uint64_t* pt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pd[pde] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
if (!(pt[pte] & Flags::Used))
return 0;
return pt[pte];
}
PageTable::flags_t PageTable::get_page_flags(vaddr_t addr) const
{
return parse_flags(get_page_data(addr));
}
paddr_t PageTable::physical_address_of(vaddr_t addr) const
{
uint64_t page_data = get_page_data(addr);
return (page_data & PAGE_ADDR_MASK) & ~(1ull << 63);
}
bool PageTable::reserve_page(vaddr_t vaddr, bool only_free)
{
LockGuard _(m_lock);
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
if (only_free && !is_page_free(vaddr))
return false;
map_page_at(0, vaddr, Flags::Reserved);
return true;
}
bool PageTable::reserve_range(vaddr_t vaddr, size_t bytes, bool only_free)
{
if (size_t rem = bytes % PAGE_SIZE)
bytes += PAGE_SIZE - rem;
ASSERT(vaddr % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
LockGuard _(m_lock);
if (only_free && !is_range_free(vaddr, bytes))
return false;
for (size_t offset = 0; offset < bytes; offset += PAGE_SIZE)
reserve_page(vaddr + offset);
return true;
}
vaddr_t PageTable::reserve_free_page(vaddr_t first_address, vaddr_t last_address)
{
if (size_t rem = first_address % PAGE_SIZE)
first_address += PAGE_SIZE - rem;
if (size_t rem = last_address % PAGE_SIZE)
last_address -= rem;
ASSERT(is_canonical(first_address));
ASSERT(is_canonical(last_address));
const vaddr_t uc_vaddr_start = uncanonicalize(first_address);
const vaddr_t uc_vaddr_end = uncanonicalize(last_address);
uint16_t pml4e = (uc_vaddr_start >> 39) & 0x1FF;
uint16_t pdpte = (uc_vaddr_start >> 30) & 0x1FF;
uint16_t pde = (uc_vaddr_start >> 21) & 0x1FF;
uint16_t pte = (uc_vaddr_start >> 12) & 0x1FF;
const uint16_t e_pml4e = (uc_vaddr_end >> 39) & 0x1FF;
const uint16_t e_pdpte = (uc_vaddr_end >> 30) & 0x1FF;
const uint16_t e_pde = (uc_vaddr_end >> 21) & 0x1FF;
const uint16_t e_pte = (uc_vaddr_end >> 12) & 0x1FF;
LockGuard _(m_lock);
// Try to find free page that can be mapped without
// allocations (page table with unused entries)
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
for (; pml4e < 512; pml4e++)
{
if (pml4e > e_pml4e)
break;
if (!(pml4[pml4e] & Flags::Present))
continue;
uint64_t* pdpt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pml4[pml4e] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (; pdpte < 512; pdpte++)
{
if (pml4e == e_pml4e && pdpte > e_pdpte)
break;
if (!(pdpt[pdpte] & Flags::Present))
continue;
uint64_t* pd = (uint64_t*)P2V(pdpt[pdpte] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (; pde < 512; pde++)
{
if (pml4e == e_pml4e && pdpte == e_pdpte && pde > e_pde)
break;
if (!(pd[pde] & Flags::Present))
continue;
uint64_t* pt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pd[pde] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (; pte < 512; pte++)
{
if (pml4e == e_pml4e && pdpte == e_pdpte && pde == e_pde && pte >= e_pte)
break;
if (!(pt[pte] & Flags::Used))
{
vaddr_t vaddr = 0;
vaddr |= (uint64_t)pml4e << 39;
vaddr |= (uint64_t)pdpte << 30;
vaddr |= (uint64_t)pde << 21;
vaddr |= (uint64_t)pte << 12;
ASSERT(reserve_page(vaddr));
return canonicalize(vaddr);
}
}
}
}
}
// Find any free page
vaddr_t uc_vaddr = uc_vaddr_start;
while (uc_vaddr < uc_vaddr_end)
{
if (vaddr_t vaddr = canonicalize(uc_vaddr); is_page_free(vaddr))
{
ASSERT(reserve_page(vaddr));
return vaddr;
}
uc_vaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
}
vaddr_t PageTable::reserve_free_contiguous_pages(size_t page_count, vaddr_t first_address, vaddr_t last_address)
{
if (size_t rem = first_address % PAGE_SIZE)
first_address += PAGE_SIZE - rem;
if (size_t rem = last_address % PAGE_SIZE)
last_address -= rem;
ASSERT(is_canonical(first_address));
ASSERT(is_canonical(last_address));
LockGuard _(m_lock);
for (vaddr_t vaddr = first_address; vaddr < last_address;)
{
bool valid { true };
for (size_t page = 0; page < page_count; page++)
{
if (!is_canonical(vaddr + page * PAGE_SIZE))
{
vaddr = canonicalize(uncanonicalize(vaddr) + page * PAGE_SIZE);
valid = false;
break;
}
if (!is_page_free(vaddr + page * PAGE_SIZE))
{
vaddr += (page + 1) * PAGE_SIZE;
valid = false;
break;
}
}
if (valid)
{
ASSERT(reserve_range(vaddr, page_count * PAGE_SIZE));
return vaddr;
}
}
ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
}
bool PageTable::is_page_free(vaddr_t page) const
{
ASSERT(page % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
return !(get_page_flags(page) & Flags::Used);
}
bool PageTable::is_range_free(vaddr_t vaddr, size_t size) const
{
vaddr_t s_page = vaddr / PAGE_SIZE;
vaddr_t e_page = BAN::Math::div_round_up<vaddr_t>(vaddr + size, PAGE_SIZE);
LockGuard _(m_lock);
for (vaddr_t page = s_page; page < e_page; page++)
if (!is_page_free(page * PAGE_SIZE))
return false;
return true;
}
static void dump_range(vaddr_t start, vaddr_t end, PageTable::flags_t flags)
{
if (start == 0)
return;
dprintln("{}-{}: {}{}{}{}",
(void*)canonicalize(start),
(void*)canonicalize(end - 1),
flags & PageTable::Flags::Execute ? 'x' : '-',
flags & PageTable::Flags::UserSupervisor ? 'u' : '-',
flags & PageTable::Flags::ReadWrite ? 'w' : '-',
flags & PageTable::Flags::Present ? 'r' : '-'
);
}
void PageTable::debug_dump()
{
LockGuard _(m_lock);
flags_t flags = 0;
vaddr_t start = 0;
uint64_t* pml4 = (uint64_t*)P2V(m_highest_paging_struct);
for (uint64_t pml4e = 0; pml4e < 512; pml4e++)
{
if (!(pml4[pml4e] & Flags::Present))
{
dump_range(start, (pml4e << 39), flags);
start = 0;
continue;
}
uint64_t* pdpt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pml4[pml4e] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (uint64_t pdpte = 0; pdpte < 512; pdpte++)
{
if (!(pdpt[pdpte] & Flags::Present))
{
dump_range(start, (pml4e << 39) | (pdpte << 30), flags);
start = 0;
continue;
}
uint64_t* pd = (uint64_t*)P2V(pdpt[pdpte] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (uint64_t pde = 0; pde < 512; pde++)
{
if (!(pd[pde] & Flags::Present))
{
dump_range(start, (pml4e << 39) | (pdpte << 30) | (pde << 21), flags);
start = 0;
continue;
}
uint64_t* pt = (uint64_t*)P2V(pd[pde] & PAGE_ADDR_MASK);
for (uint64_t pte = 0; pte < 512; pte++)
{
if (parse_flags(pt[pte]) != flags)
{
dump_range(start, (pml4e << 39) | (pdpte << 30) | (pde << 21) | (pte << 12), flags);
start = 0;
}
if (!(pt[pte] & Flags::Used))
continue;
if (start == 0)
{
flags = parse_flags(pt[pte]);
start = (pml4e << 39) | (pdpte << 30) | (pde << 21) | (pte << 12);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}