Kernel: Initialize GDT in kernel code

We dont use the boot GDT only while booting

kernel/arch/i386/GDT.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#include <BAN/Assert.h>
+#include <kernel/GDT.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern "C" uintptr_t g_boot_stack_top[0];
+
+namespace Kernel::GDT
+{
+
+	struct TaskStateSegment
+	{
+		uint16_t link;
+		uint16_t reserved1;
+		uint32_t esp0;
+		uint16_t ss0;
+		uint16_t reserved2;
+		uint32_t esp1;
+		uint16_t ss1;
+		uint16_t reserved3;
+		uint32_t esp2;
+		uint16_t ss2;
+		uint16_t reserved4;
+		uint32_t cr3;
+		uint32_t eip;
+		uint32_t eflags;
+		uint32_t eax;
+		uint32_t ecx;
+		uint32_t edx;
+		uint32_t ebx;
+		uint32_t esp;
+		uint32_t ebp;
+		uint32_t esi;
+		uint32_t edi;
+		uint16_t es;
+		uint16_t reserved5;
+		uint16_t cs;
+		uint16_t reserved6;
+		uint16_t ss;
+		uint16_t reserved7;
+		uint16_t ds;
+		uint16_t reserved8;
+		uint16_t fs;
+		uint16_t reserved9;
+		uint16_t gs;
+		uint16_t reserved10;
+		uint16_t ldtr;
+		uint16_t reserved11;
+		uint16_t reserved12;
+		uint16_t iopb;
+		uint32_t ssp;
+	} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	union SegmentDescriptor
+	{
+		struct
+		{
+			uint16_t	limit1;
+			uint16_t	base1;
+			uint8_t		base2;
+			uint8_t		access;
+			uint8_t		limit2 : 4;
+			uint8_t		flags  : 4;
+			uint8_t		base3;
+		} __attribute__((packed));
+		
+		struct
+		{
+			uint32_t low;
+			uint32_t high;
+		} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	struct GDTR
+	{
+		uint16_t size;
+		uint32_t address;
+	} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	static TaskStateSegment* s_tss = nullptr;
+	static SegmentDescriptor* s_gdt = nullptr;
+	static GDTR s_gdtr;
+
+	static void write_entry(uint8_t offset, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t flags)
+	{
+		SegmentDescriptor& desc = *(SegmentDescriptor*)((uintptr_t)s_gdt + offset);
+		desc.base1 = base;
+		desc.base2 = base >> 16;
+		desc.base3 = base >> 24;
+
+		desc.limit1 = limit;
+		desc.limit2 = limit >> 16;
+
+		desc.access = access;
+
+		desc.flags = flags;
+	}
+
+	static void write_tss(uint8_t offset)
+	{
+		s_tss = new TaskStateSegment();
+		ASSERT(s_tss);
+		
+		memset(s_tss, 0x00, sizeof(TaskStateSegment));
+		s_tss->ss0 = 0x10;
+		s_tss->esp0 = (uintptr_t)g_boot_stack_top;
+
+		write_entry(offset, (uint32_t)s_tss, sizeof(TaskStateSegment), 0x89, 0x0);
+	}
+
+	static void flush_gdt()
+	{
+		asm volatile("lgdt %0" :: "m"(s_gdtr));
+	}
+
+	extern "C" void flush_tss(uint16_t offset)
+	{
+		asm volatile("ltr %0" :: "m"(offset));
+	}
+
+	void initialize()
+	{
+		constexpr uint32_t descriptor_count = 6;
+		s_gdt = new SegmentDescriptor[descriptor_count]; 
+		ASSERT(s_gdt);
+
+		s_gdtr.address = (uint64_t)s_gdt;
+		s_gdtr.size = descriptor_count * sizeof(SegmentDescriptor) - 1;
+
+		write_entry(0x00, 0x00000000, 0x00000, 0x00, 0x0); // null
+		write_entry(0x08, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xC); // kernel code
+		write_entry(0x10, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0x92, 0xC); // kernel data
+		write_entry(0x18, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xC); // user code
+		write_entry(0x20, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xC); // user data
+		write_tss(0x28);
+
+		flush_gdt();
+		flush_tss(0x28);
+	}
+
+}

kernel/arch/i386/boot.S

@@ -20,37 +20,27 @@
 	.long 32
 
 .section .bss, "aw", @nobits
- 	# Create stack
+# Create stack
-	stack_bottom:
+.global g_boot_stack_bottom
-		.skip 16384
+g_boot_stack_bottom:
-	stack_top:
+	.skip 16384
-	
+.global g_boot_stack_top
-	.global g_kernel_cmdline
+g_boot_stack_top:
-	g_kernel_cmdline:
-		.skip 4096
 
-	.global g_gdtr
+# 0 MiB -> 1 MiB: bootloader stuff
-	g_gdtr:
+# 1 MiB -> 2 MiB: kernel
-		.skip 2 + 4
+# 2 MiB -> 3 MiB: kmalloc
-	.global g_gdt
+# 3 MiB -> 4 Mib: kmalloc_fixed
-	g_gdt:
+.align 32
-		.skip 5 * 8
+boot_page_directory_pointer_table:
+	.skip 4 * 8
+.align 4096
+boot_page_directory1:
+	.skip 512 * 8
 
-	# Reserve memory for paging structures,
+.global g_kernel_cmdline
-	# we will identity map first 4 MiB
+g_kernel_cmdline:
-
+	.skip 4096
-	# 0 MiB -> 1 MiB: bootloader stuff
-	# 1 MiB -> 2 MiB: kernel
-	# 2 MiB -> 3 MiB: kmalloc
-	# 3 MiB -> 4 Mib: kmalloc_eternal
-	.align 32
-	boot_page_directory_pointer_table:
-		.skip 4 * 8
-	.align 4096
-	boot_page_directory1:
-		.skip 512 * 8
-
-.section .text, "a"
 
 .global g_multiboot_info
 g_multiboot_info:
@@ -59,6 +49,16 @@ g_multiboot_info:
 g_multiboot_magic:
 	.skip 4
 
+.section .text, "a"
+
+boot_gdt:
+	.quad 0x0000000000000000 # null
+	.quad 0x00CF9A000000FFFF # kernel code
+	.quad 0x00CF92000000FFFF # kernel data
+boot_gdtr:
+	.short . - boot_gdt - 1
+	.long boot_gdt
+
 has_cpuid:
 	pushfl
 	pushfl
@@ -140,18 +140,7 @@ initialize_paging:
 	ret
 
 initialize_gdt:
-	# setup gdt
+	lgdt boot_gdtr
-	movw $(5 * 8 - 1),	g_gdtr
-	movl $(g_gdt),		g_gdtr + 2
-	movl $(0x0000FFFF), g_gdt + 0x08
-	movl $(0x00CF9A00), g_gdt + 0x08 + 4
-	movl $(0x0000FFFF), g_gdt + 0x10
-	movl $(0x00CF9200), g_gdt + 0x10 + 4
-	movl $(0x0000FFFF), g_gdt + 0x18
-	movl $(0x00CFFA00), g_gdt + 0x18 + 4
-	movl $(0x0000FFFF), g_gdt + 0x20
-	movl $(0x00CFF200), g_gdt + 0x20 + 4
-	lgdt g_gdtr
 
 	# flush gdt
 	movw $0x10, %ax
@@ -164,12 +153,11 @@ initialize_gdt:
 flush:
 	ret
 
-
 .global _start
 .type _start, @function
 _start:
 	# Initialize stack and multiboot info
-	movl $stack_top, %esp
+	movl $g_boot_stack_top, %esp
 	movl %eax, g_multiboot_magic
 	movl %ebx, g_multiboot_info
 

kernel/arch/i386/make.config

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ ELF_FORMAT=elf32-i386
 
 KERNEL_ARCH_OBJS=		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/boot.o		\
+$(ARCHDIR)/GDT.o		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/IDT.o		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/MMU.o		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/SpinLock.o	\

kernel/arch/x86_64/GDT.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include <BAN/Assert.h>
+#include <kernel/GDT.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+extern "C" uintptr_t g_boot_stack_top[0];
+
+namespace Kernel::GDT
+{
+
+	struct TaskStateSegment
+	{
+		uint32_t reserved1;
+		uint64_t rsp0;
+		uint64_t rsp1;
+		uint64_t rsp2;
+		uint64_t reserved2;
+		uint64_t ist1;
+		uint64_t ist2;
+		uint64_t ist3;
+		uint64_t ist4;
+		uint64_t ist5;
+		uint64_t ist6;
+		uint64_t ist7;
+		uint64_t reserved3;
+		uint16_t reserved4;
+		uint16_t iopb;
+	} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	union SegmentDescriptor
+	{
+		struct
+		{
+			uint16_t	limit1;
+			uint16_t	base1;
+			uint8_t		base2;
+			uint8_t		access;
+			uint8_t		limit2 : 4;
+			uint8_t		flags  : 4;
+			uint8_t		base3;
+		} __attribute__((packed));
+		
+		struct
+		{
+			uint32_t low;
+			uint32_t high;
+		} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	struct GDTR
+	{
+		uint16_t size;
+		uint64_t address;
+	} __attribute__((packed));
+
+	static TaskStateSegment* s_tss = nullptr;
+	static SegmentDescriptor* s_gdt = nullptr;
+	static GDTR s_gdtr;
+
+	static void write_entry(uint8_t offset, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t flags)
+	{
+		SegmentDescriptor& desc = *(SegmentDescriptor*)((uintptr_t)s_gdt + offset);
+		desc.base1 = base;
+		desc.base2 = base >> 16;
+		desc.base3 = base >> 24;
+
+		desc.limit1 = limit;
+		desc.limit2 = limit >> 16;
+
+		desc.access = access;
+
+		desc.flags = flags;
+	}
+
+	static void write_tss(uint8_t offset)
+	{
+		s_tss = new TaskStateSegment();
+		ASSERT(s_tss);
+		
+		memset(s_tss, 0x00, sizeof(TaskStateSegment));
+		s_tss->rsp0 = (uintptr_t)g_boot_stack_top;
+		
+		uintptr_t base = (uintptr_t)s_tss;
+
+		write_entry(offset, (uint32_t)base, sizeof(TaskStateSegment), 0x89, 0x0);
+		SegmentDescriptor& desc = *(SegmentDescriptor*)((uintptr_t)s_gdt + offset + 0x08);
+		desc.low = base >> 32;
+		desc.high = 0;
+	}
+
+	static void flush_gdt()
+	{
+		asm volatile("lgdt %0" :: "m"(s_gdtr));
+	}
+
+	extern "C" void flush_tss(uint16_t offset)
+	{
+		asm volatile("ltr %0" :: "m"(offset));
+	}
+
+	void initialize()
+	{
+		constexpr uint32_t descriptor_count = 6 + 1; // tss takes 2
+		s_gdt = new SegmentDescriptor[descriptor_count]; 
+		ASSERT(s_gdt);
+
+		s_gdtr.address = (uint64_t)s_gdt;
+		s_gdtr.size = descriptor_count * sizeof(SegmentDescriptor) - 1;
+
+		write_entry(0x00, 0x00000000, 0x00000, 0x00, 0x0); // null
+		write_entry(0x08, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xA); // kernel code
+		write_entry(0x10, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0x92, 0xC); // kernel data
+		write_entry(0x18, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xA); // user code
+		write_entry(0x20, 0x00000000, 0xFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xC); // user data
+		write_tss(0x28);
+
+		flush_gdt();
+		flush_tss(0x28);
+	}
+
+}

kernel/arch/x86_64/boot.S

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 	# 0 MiB -> 1 MiB: bootloader stuff
 	# 1 MiB -> 2 MiB: kernel
 	# 2 MiB -> 3 MiB: kmalloc
-	# 3 MiB -> 4 MiB: kmalloc_eternal
+	# 3 MiB -> 4 MiB: kmalloc_fixed
 	.align 4096
 	boot_pml4:
 		.skip 512 * 8
@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@
 	boot_pd1:
 		.skip 512 * 8
 
-.section .text, "a"
-
 .global g_multiboot_info
 g_multiboot_info:
 	.skip 8
@@ -61,6 +59,8 @@ g_multiboot_info:
 g_multiboot_magic:
 	.skip 8
 
+.section .text, "a"
+
 boot_gdt:
 	.quad 0x0000000000000000 # null descriptor
 	.quad 0x00AF9A000000FFFF # kernel code

kernel/arch/x86_64/make.config

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ ELF_FORMAT=elf64-x86-64
 
 KERNEL_ARCH_OBJS=		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/boot.o		\
+$(ARCHDIR)/GDT.o		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/IDT.o		\
 $(ARCHDIR)/interrupts.o	\
 $(ARCHDIR)/MMU.o		\

kernel/include/kernel/GDT.h

@@ -2,43 +2,9 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-namespace GDT
+namespace Kernel::GDT
 {
 
-	union SegmentDesriptor
+	void initialize();
-	{
-		struct
-		{
-			uint16_t	limit_lo;
-			uint16_t	base_lo;
-			uint8_t		base_hi1;
-
-			uint8_t		type			: 4;
-			uint8_t		system			: 1;
-			uint8_t		DPL				: 2;
-			uint8_t		present			: 1;
-
-			uint8_t		limit_hi		: 4;
-			uint8_t		flags			: 4;
-
-			uint8_t		base_hi2;
-		} __attribute__((packed));
-		
-		struct
-		{
-			uint32_t low;
-			uint32_t high;
-		} __attribute__((packed));
-
-	} __attribute__((packed));
-
-	struct GDTR
-	{
-		uint16_t size;
-		void* address;
-	} __attribute__((packed));
-
-	extern "C" GDTR g_gdtr[];
-	extern "C" SegmentDesriptor g_gdt[];
 
 }

kernel/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <kernel/Debug.h>
 #include <kernel/FS/VirtualFileSystem.h>
+#include <kernel/GDT.h>
 #include <kernel/IDT.h>
 #include <kernel/Input.h>
 #include <kernel/InterruptController.h>
@@ -76,6 +77,9 @@ extern "C" void kernel_main()
 	kmalloc_initialize();
 	dprintln("kmalloc initialized");
 
+	GDT::initialize();
+	dprintln("GDT initialized");
+
 	IDT::initialize();
 	dprintln("IDT initialized");